Scripture Blog

This weblog is my personal online scripture journal. I try to read the scriptures each morning as I exercise on my cross-trainer. It has a great impact on my life and my testimony of the Savior and his restored church. The journal is really for my own benefit but I have set it up as a web log in hopes to benefit anyone else that may be interested. "For he that diligently seeketh shall find; and the mysteries of God shall be unfolded unto them, by the power of the Holy Ghost..." 1 Nephi 10:19

Tuesday, July 31, 2007

1 Peter 5

To those who hold the Melchizedek priesthood, Peter particularly addresses -

"...I exhort...Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind;
3 Neither as being lords over God's heritage, but being ensamples to the flock." (New Testament 1 Peter 5:1 - 3)

The first obligation is to teach and not only teach but teach by example. And to accept callings and responsibilities willingly, and not only willingly but with a ready or prepared mind. We read in modern day the Lord has followed -

"No power or influence can or ought to be maintained by virtue of the priesthood, only by persuasion, by long-suffering, by gentleness and meekness, and by love unfeigned;
42 By kindness, and pure knowledge, which shall greatly enlarge the soul without hypocrisy, and without guile—"(Doctrine and Covenants Section 121:41 - 42)

Peter continues with much the same counsel -

"Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves unto the elder. Yea, all of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.
6 Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time:
7 Casting all your care upon him; for he careth for you.
8 Be sober, be vigilant..." (New Testament 1 Peter 5:5 - 8)

It is this priesthood -

"That the rights of the priesthood are inseparably connected with the powers of heaven, and that the powers of heaven cannot be controlled nor handled only upon the principles of righteousness." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 121:36)

And -

"...whoso is faithful unto the obtaining these two priesthoods of which I have spoken, and the magnifying their calling, are sanctified by the Spirit unto the renewing of their bodies.
34 They become the sons of Moses and of Aaron and the seed of Abraham, and the church and kingdom, and the elect of God." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 84:33 - 34)

Therefore -

"Feed the flock of God which is among you..." (New Testament 1 Peter 5:2)

Monday, July 30, 2007

1 Peter 3

Peter teaches how husbands and wives are to honor one another. He begins -

z"...ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; that, if any obey not the word, they also may without the word be won by the conversation of the wives;
2 While they behold your chaste conversation coupled with fear." (New Testament 1 Peter 3:1 - 2)

Conversation in this case suggesting the conduct of the wives. The burden then of wives in subjection to their husbands is always be good examples -

"Even as Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him lord: whose daughters ye are, as long as ye do well, and are not afraid with any amazement." (New Testament 1 Peter 3:6)

And then Peter follows -

"Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not hindered." (New Testament 1 Peter 3:7)

In my mind "giving honour unto the wife" is always acknowledging how beautiful and special she is, never saying anything derogative to her or about her. Peter understood the eternal nature of marraige and "being heirs together of the grace of life". In modern day revelation, the Lord taught -

"...verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife by my word, which is my law, and by the new and everlasting covenant, and it is sealed unto them by the Holy Spirit of promise, by him who is anointed, unto whom I have appointed this power and the keys of this priesthood; and it shall be said unto them—Ye shall come forth in the first resurrection; and if it be after the first resurrection, in the next resurrection; and shall inherit thrones, kingdoms, principalities, and powers, dominions, all heights and depths—then shall it be written in the Lamb's Book of Life, that he shall commit no murder whereby to shed innocent blood, and if ye abide in my covenant, and commit no murder whereby to shed innocent blood, it shall be done unto them in all things whatsoever my servant hath put upon them, in time, and through all eternity; and shall be of full force when they are out of the world; and they shall pass by the angels, and the gods, which are set there, to their exaltation and glory in all things, as hath been sealed upon their heads, which glory shall be a fulness and a continuation of the seeds forever and ever.
20 Then shall they be gods, because they have no end; therefore shall they be from everlasting to everlasting, because they continue; then shall they be above all, because all things are subject unto them. Then shall they be gods, because they have all power, and the angels are subject unto them.
21 Verily, verily, I say unto you, except ye abide my law ye cannot attain to this glory." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 132:19 - 21)

Peter teaches how the relationship of husband and wife ought to be -

"Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another, love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous:
9 Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing: but contrariwise blessing; knowing that ye are thereunto called, that ye should inherit a blessing." (New Testament 1 Peter 3:8 - 9)

"For he that will love life, and see good days, let him refrain his tongue from evil, and his lips that they speak no guile:
11 Let him eschew evil, and do good; let him seek peace, and ensue it." (New Testament 1 Peter 3:10 - 11)

Monday, July 23, 2007

James 4

James wrote -

"Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you." (New Testament James 4:7)

What does James mean to "submit yourselves therefore to God". James explains this saying -

"...Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded." (New Testament James 4:8)

"Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord..." (New Testament James 4:10)

And -

"Speak not evil one of another..." (New Testament James 4:11)

And what does James mean to "resist the devil". President Spencer W. Kimball wrote -

“James gave a formula for conquering: ‘Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. In abandoning evil, transforming lives, changing personalities, molding characters or remolding them, we need the help of the Lord, and we may be assured of it if we do our part. The man who leans heavily upon his Lord becomes the master of self and can accomplish anything he sets out to do, whether it be to secure the brass plates, build a ship, overcome a habit, or conquer a deep-seated transgression.

He who has greater strength than Lucifer, he who is our fortress and our strength, can sustain us in times of great temptation. While the Lord will never forcibly take anyone out of sin or out of the arms of the tempters, he exerts his Spirit to induce the sinner to do it with divine assistance. And the man who yields to the sweet influence and pleadings of the Spirit and does all in his power to stay in a repentant attitude is guaranteed protection, power, freedom and joy.” (Kimball, Miracle of Forgiveness, p. 176.)

I truly that through the atonement of Jesus Christ, as you -

"...come unto Christ, and be perfected in him, and deny yourselves of all ungodliness; and if ye shall deny yourselves of all ungodliness, and love God with all your might, mind and strength, then is his grace sufficient for you, that by his grace ye may be perfect in Christ; and if by the grace of God ye are perfect in Christ, ye can in nowise deny the power of God.
33 And again, if ye by the grace of God are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy, without spot." (Book of Mormon Moroni 10:32 - 33)

It is by His grace that we receive strength additional strength such that Satan has less affect on us. The bible dictionary defines grace as -


"A word that occurs frequently in the New Testament, especially in the writings of Paul. The main idea of the word is divine means of help or strength, given through the bounteous mercy and love of Jesus Christ.

It is through the grace of the Lord Jesus, made possible by his atoning sacrifice, that mankind will be raised in immortality, every person receiving his body from the grave in a condition of everlasting life. It is likewise through the grace of the Lord that individuals, through faith in the atonement of Jesus Christ and repentance of their sins, receive strength and assistance to do good works that they otherwise would not be able to maintain if left to their own means. This grace is an enabling power that allows men and women to lay hold on eternal life and exaltation after they have expended their own best efforts.

Divine grace is needed by every soul in consequence of the fall of Adam and also because of man's weaknesses and shortcomings. However, grace cannot suffice without total effort on the part of the recipient. Hence the explanation, "It is by grace that we are saved, after all we can do" (2 Ne. 25:23). It is truly the grace of Jesus Christ that makes salvation possible..." (Bible Dictionary G Grace:Entry)

Friday, July 20, 2007

James 2

Last week I attended our stake youth conference. The title of one of the workshop presenters was "What's Really Behind that Hospital Gown?". The presenter who works in medicine talked of a seminar she attended where a speaker presented pictures of two individuals in hospital gowns. Both with the same illness of cancer. The speaker went to describe the personal accomplishments of each individual, one being wealthy, powerful, and popular; the other being more common. The question was poised to the medical practitioners if they would give preferential treatment or treat either of the patients differently due to social status. It was something to think about.

In much the same way, James addresses this issue with the saints -

"MY brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons.
2 For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment;
3 And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say unto him, Sit thou here in a good place; and say to the poor, Stand thou there, or sit here under my footstool..." (New Testament James 2:1 - 3)

To this James asks -

"Are ye not then partial in yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts?" (New Testament James 2:4)

James instructs -

"MY brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons." (New Testament James 2:1)

Providing this warning and counsel -

"Hath not God chosen the poor of this world rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he hath promised to them that love him?
6 But ye have despised the poor. Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats?
7 Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called?
8 If ye fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, ye do well:
9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors." (New Testament James 2:5 - 9)

The Savior is our great exemplar. Nephi taught -

"...he loveth the world, even that he layeth down his own life that he may draw all men unto him. Wherefore, he commandeth none that they shall not partake of his salvation.
25 Behold, doth he cry unto any, saying: Depart from me? Behold, I say unto you, Nay; but he saith: Come unto me all ye ends of the earth, buy milk and honey, without money and without price.
26 Behold, hath he commanded any that they should depart out of the synagogues, or out of the houses of worship? Behold, I say unto you, Nay.
27 Hath he commanded any that they should not partake of his salvation? Behold I say unto you, Nay; but he hath given it free for all men; and he hath commanded his people that they should persuade all men to repentance.
28 Behold, hath the Lord commanded any that they should not partake of his goodness? Behold I say unto you, Nay; but all men are privileged the one like unto the other, and none are forbidden." (Book of Mormon 2 Nephi 26:24 - 28)

"...and he inviteth them all to come unto him and partake of his goodness; and he denieth none that come unto him, black and white, bond and free, male and female; and he remembereth the heathen; and all are alike unto God, both Jew and Gentile." (Book of Mormon 2 Nephi 26:33)

Therefore -

"What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can faith save him?
15 If a brother or sister be naked, and destitute of daily food,
16 And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled; notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it profit?
17 Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone.
18 Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works." (New Testament James 2:14 - 18)

We show our faith as we do the will of God, serving our fellowman, in a manner of no respector of persons.

Thursday, July 19, 2007

James 1

James seems to be more focused on principles of pure religion. I was touched with -

"Knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh patience." (New Testament James 1:3)

Patience and faith seem to go hand in hand. The Savior taught, of which James may of been privy to -

"In your patience possess ye your souls." (New Testament Luke 21:19)

Where possess means to develop mastery over. We should keep this in mind with the temptations and challenges we face in that we should -

"...count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations..." (New Testament James 1:2)

And with this tribulation -

"...let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing." (New Testament James 1:4)

Not only does faith and patience go hand in hand, but also faith and righteousness. James continues -

"...my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:
20 For the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God.
21 Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls." (New Testament James 1:19 - 21)

For the demonstration of faith is good works and righteousness -

"...be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves.
23 For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass:
24 For he beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was.
25 But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed." (New Testament James 1:22 - 25)

It doesn't matter if we claim to have faith or not, it comes down to, as James teaches -

"If any man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, this man's religion is vain.
27 Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." (New Testament James 1:26 - 27)

I'm sure that is what James learned from the Savior.

Wednesday, July 11, 2007

Hebrews 12

Paul teaches -

"...whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth..." (New Testament Hebrews 12:6)

It seems that Paul is suggesting that chastening and scourging is an essential component to be received of Him. The Lord said to the Prophet Joseph Smith -

"...concerning your brethren who have been afflicted, and persecuted, and cast out from the land of their inheritance—
2 I, the Lord, have suffered the affliction to come upon them, wherewith they have been afflicted, in consequence of their transgressions;
3 Yet I will own them, and they shall be mine in that day when I shall come to make up my jewels.
4 Therefore, they must needs be chastened and tried, even as Abraham, who was commanded to offer up his only son.
5 For all those who will not endure chastening, but deny me, cannot be sanctified." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 101:1 - 5)

Orson Whitney said -

“No pain that we suffer, no trial that we experience is wasted. It ministers to our education, to the development of such qualities as patience, faith, fortitude and humility. All that we suffer and all that we endure, especially when we endure it patiently, builds up our characters, purifies our hearts, expands our souls, and makes us more tender and charitable, more worthy to be called the children of God . . . and it is through sorrow and suffering, toil and tribulation, that we gain the education that we come here to acquire and which will make us more like our Father and Mother in heaven. . . .” (Orson F. Whitney, as cited in Kimball, Faith Precedes the Miracle, p. 98.)

Moroni also taught why the Lord chastens us or gives us weakness saying -

"...if men come unto me I will show unto them their weakness. I give unto men weakness that they may be humble; and my grace is sufficient for all men that humble themselves before me; for if they humble themselves before me, and have faith in me, then will I make weak things become strong unto them." (Book of Mormon Ether 12:27)

Paul promises -

"If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons..." (New Testament Hebrews 12:7)

teaching in comparison -

"...we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live?
10 For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.
11 Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby." (New Testament Hebrews 12:9 - 11)

It was while suffering in the Liberty Jail the Lord said to the Prophet -

"If thou art called to pass through tribulation; if thou art in perils among false brethren; if thou art in perils among robbers; if thou art in perils by land or by sea;
6 If thou art accused with all manner of false accusations; if thine enemies fall upon thee; if they tear thee from the society of thy father and mother and brethren and sisters; and if with a drawn sword thine enemies tear thee from the bosom of thy wife, and of thine offspring, and thine elder son, although but six years of age, shall cling to thy garments, and shall say, My father, my father, why can't you stay with us? O, my father, what are the men going to do with you? and if then he shall be thrust from thee by the sword, and thou be dragged to prison, and thine enemies prowl around thee like wolves for the blood of the lamb;
7 And if thou shouldst be cast into the pit, or into the hands of murderers, and the sentence of death passed upon thee; if thou be cast into the deep; if the billowing surge conspire against thee; if fierce winds become thine enemy; if the heavens gather blackness, and all the elements combine to hedge up the way; and above all, if the very jaws of hell shall gape open the mouth wide after thee, know thou, my son, that all these things shall give thee experience, and shall be for thy good.
8 The Son of Man hath descended below them all. Art thou greater than he?" (Doctrine and Covenants Section 122:5 - 8)

Tuesday, July 10, 2007

Hebrews 10 & 11

Paul introduces one of the greatest text on faith with patience as he writes the Hebrews -

"Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward.
36 For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise." (New Testament Hebrews 10:35 - 36)

Faith is demonstrated as we do the will of God. Paul tells us that -

"...without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him." (New Testament Hebrews 11:6)

And also that -
"....the just shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him." (New Testament Hebrews 10:38)

To me, to "draw back" means to not exhibit sufficient faith to do His will. For -

"...faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen." (New Testament Hebrews 11:1)

Substance in this case meaning assurance, basis, or foundation. In the Joseph Smith Translation the word ing "...the assurance of things hoped for..." It is through faith or doing the will of God that -

"...the elders obtained a good report." (New Testament Hebrews 11:2)

or personal witness or testimony by the Spirit. Paul recounts many of the acts of faith by great men in the old testament. But was there ever a greater act of faith than -

"...Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son..." (New Testament Hebrews 11:17)

Abraham being one -

"...who had offered sacrifice in the similitude of the great sacrifice of the Son of God, and had suffered tribulation in their Redeemer's name." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 138:13)

Abraham as well as many saints, -

"...these all, having obtained a good report through faith..." (New Testament Hebrews 11:39)

All having faith, so demonstrated by doing the will of God.

Friday, July 06, 2007

Hebrews 10

As Paul reviews the Jewish traditions of blood sacrifices, he explains to the Hebrews that in all their religious practices -

"...it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins..." (New Testament Hebrews 10:4)

It was the practice of blood sacrifices that was to help the people remember and be focused on that which was yet to come as -

"...we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all..." (New Testament Hebrews 10:10)

For -

"...this man...offered one sacrifice for sins for ever...For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified." (New Testament Hebrews 10:12 - 14)

For the Savior promised a new and everlasting covenant, -

"...the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them;
17 And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more." (New Testament Hebrews 10:16 - 17)

Which allows us as -

"...brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus,
20 By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh;
21 And having an high priest over the house of God..." (New Testament Hebrews 10:19 - 21)

From the beginning, the Lord instructed Adam -

"For by the water ye keep the commandment; by the Spirit ye are justified, and by the blood ye are sanctified..." (Pearl of Great Price Moses 6:60)

Sanctification is something that happens after are sins are washed away. The Savior explains sanctification as he taught his disciples -

"Now this is the commandment: Repent, all ye ends of the earth, and come unto me and be baptized in my name, that ye may be sanctified by the reception of the Holy Ghost, that ye may stand spotless before me at the last day." (Book of Mormon 3 Nephi 27:20)

The Holy Ghost is able to sanctify us due to the atonement of Jesus Christ as Moroni teaches -

"...if ye by the grace of God are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy, without spot.
(Book of Mormon Moroni 10:33)

It is the power of His grace that transforms us, where men and women are -

"...changed from their carnal and fallen state, to a state of righteousness, being redeemed of God, becoming his sons and daughters;
26 And thus they become new creatures..." (Book of Mormon Mosiah 27:25 - 26)

Sanctification is becoming new creatures! Elder Bruce R. McConkie taught -

“To be sanctified is to become clean, pure, and spotless; to be free from the blood and sins of the world; to become a new creature of the Holy Ghost, one whose body has been renewed by the rebirth of the Spirit. Sanctification is a state of saintliness, a state attained only by conformity to the laws and ordinances of the gospel. The plan of salvation is the system and means provided whereby men may sanctify their souls and thereby become worthy of a celestial inheritance. . . .

. . . Those who attain this state of cleanliness and perfection are able, as occasion may require, to see God and view the things of his kingdom. (D. & C. 84:23; 88:68; Ether 4:7.) The Three Nephites ‘were sanctified in the flesh, that they were holy, and that the powers of the earth could not hold them.’ (3 Ne. 28:39.)” (McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, pp. 675–76.)

Tuesday, July 03, 2007

Hebrews 5 & 7

To the Hebrews, who were very familiar with the traditions in the old testament, Paul writes -

"So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest..." (New Testament Hebrews 5:5)

But nonetheless, He was -

"...a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec..." (New Testament Hebrews 5:6)

"Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec." (New Testament Hebrews 5:10)

Alma taught the people of Ammonihah -

"I would that ye should remember that the Lord God ordained priests, after his holy order, which was after the order of his Son, to teach these things unto the people.
2 And those priests were ordained after the order of his Son, in a manner that thereby the people might know in what manner to look forward to his Son for redemption." (Book of Mormon Alma 13:1 - 2)

Paul also suggests there is a lesser priesthood than that after the order of Melchizedek as he questions the Hebrews -

"If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?
12 For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law." (New Testament Hebrews 7:11 - 12)

It was the Aaronic Priesthood that administered the law of sacrifice as given in the mosaic law. The ordinances of this priesthood does not bring all the blessings of salvation -

"For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God." (New Testament Hebrews 7:19)

For this priesthood and -

"...law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
25 But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.
26 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus." (New Testament Galatians 3:24 - 26)

This is the purpose of the Melchizedek priesthood, -

"The power and authority of the higher, or Melchizedek Priesthood, is to hold the keys of all the spiritual blessings of the church—" (Doctrine and Covenants Section 107:18)

"And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron." (New Testament Hebrews 5:4)

Ordinations of the Aaronic Priesthood -

"....were made without an oath..." (New Testament Hebrews 7:21)

But the greater priesthood is made

"...with an oath by him that said unto him..." (New Testament Hebrews 7:21)

And this oath -

"...is according to the oath and covenant which belongeth to the priesthood." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 84:39)

which is -

"...whoso is faithful unto the obtaining these two priesthoods of which I have spoken, and the magnifying their calling, are sanctified by the Spirit unto the renewing of their bodies.
34 They become the sons of Moses and of Aaron and the seed of Abraham, and the church and kingdom, and the elect of God.
35 And also all they who receive this priesthood receive me, saith the Lord;
36 For he that receiveth my servants receiveth me;
37 And he that receiveth me receiveth my Father;
38 And he that receiveth my Father receiveth my Father's kingdom; therefore all that my Father hath shall be given unto him....Therefore, all those who receive the priesthood, receive this oath and covenant of my Father, which he cannot break, neither can it be moved." (Doctrine and Covenants Section 84:33 - 40)